Personal Finance Tips

There are several options available to maximize the chance for children to be included in a health plan. Employer-provided plans routinely offer cover for family members and adding children to private plans is relatively inexpensive. For those families with low incomes who cannot afford cover, there are federal and state funds available to pay for basic cover. But all these options disappear when the child becomes an adult. This is the magic time everyone used to look forward to. Finally, the law recognizes people are old enough to take responsibility for their own actions and removes the built-in protections. Except, of course, these new adults are either still in full-time education or joining the group with the highest unemployment rate in the country.

For young adults going through college and university, this is the time when debts are really starting to mount up. Tuition fees and living costs take years to pay off. Adding in the cost of a health plan is often the straw that breaks the camel’s back. Even though all the better colleges and universities offer good value group insurance, this is one additional cost too many. Younger people take the rational view. They have good heath and statistics on their side – the statistics show the vast majority of people enjoy good health during the prime of their lives. The main risks come from accidental injuries with many hit with big bills following traffic accidents. So most young people put off the decision on buying into a health plan and hope their parents will solve the problem for them.

This calculation may be about to change. The insurance industry applies a simple formula to set premium rates. It guesses how much it is going to pay out over the next twelve months, adds its operating costs and a profit margin, and then divides this total among all the people holding a policy, i.e. everyone in the group pays a more-or-less equal share. Because millions of young adults opt out, the cost of medical treatment falls unevenly on older people and those with existing medical conditions. The premium rates for everyone would fall if the cost of the nation’s medical bills was divided between all adults. That’s why the legislation working its way through the House and Congress includes proposals to make holding an insurance policy mandatory or to fine people who do not have a health plan. This is a form of single payer program because it matches the idea that all the employed should contribute a percentage of their earnings toward universal health coverage.

Health insurance is the big political hot potato right now. But, if medical costs are to be controlled and everyone is to pay only a fair amount for insurance, some changes will have to be made. Mandating insurance for the young is not a bad way of paying for universal coverage. As it stands, health insurance companies routinely refuse cover for people with pre-existing health problems. Allowing a redistribution of the additional costs of treating these people among the fit and healthy is the fair option. Whether the politicians will think so is another matter. The Republicans believe this infringes basic liberty. The Democrats are not united. It’s going to be interesting to see who wins the argument.

When you are buying either term or whole life, there’s a chance you will be asked to go through a medical exam. It will not be necessary for most young people who are only asking for small amounts of coverage. So, for example, a 30 year old only asking for $50,000 will usually be allowed to self-certify good health. As age and the amount to be covered increases, you will move through a simple paramedical exam to a full examination by a physician. A paramedical is licensed professional employed or hired by the insurance company. The physicians and paramedicals are independent and their only role is to make a basic assessment of your medical history and current condition. Some operate a mobile service and will come to your home or office with all the necessary equipment. Others will ask you to attend at a laboratory or clinic. The cost of all medical exams is met by the insurance company. For the record, almost all insurers insist on independent exams and refuse to accept information provided directly by your own physician.

The process of underwriting is all about assessing risk. Hopefully, you are in perfect health and there is no likelihood you will follow in the footsteps of your parents or other close family in contracting a disorder or disease. But all insurance companies have strict guidelines about who to accept and on what terms. The companies therefore give the examiners sets of questions to ask you about your medical history. These questions will usually be answered face-to-face but, in some instances, the questions are posted online for you to answer. This saves time. The extent of the tests is then determined by your age and the amount of insurance cover you have requested. The older you are and the larger the amount to be insured, the more careful the exam, moving from paramedical to physician as the person responsible for assessing you.

The paramedical or physician starts by collecting basic physical information about you, measuring your weight, height, pulse and blood pressure. There are questions about your lifestyle, particularly if you are carrying excess weight, smoke or drink. There are follow-ups if you have any of the more interesting hobbies or play contact sports. You will be expected to provide samples of blood, urine and and oral fluid. Most people over the age of 50 will be expected to go through an EKG, a test to record the electrical impulses generated by your heart. With sums over $5 million, older proposers will be asked for a treadmill test which assesses the whole cardiovascular system, lung capacity, stamina, etc. The point is to identify any underlying health problem that could shorten your life. The blood and urine samples are used to eliminate a range of problems with your liver and kidney, identify immune disorders and check on your sugar levels for diabetes, and so on. There are even tests for the presence of standard medications and street drugs like cocaine.

All this is taken with the information you gave when asking for the life insurance quotes. Always get as many offers of a policy from different companies as possible. Sitting with the life insurance quotes alone is not enough because every company has different guidelines on who to accept and at what premium rates.